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Under the auspices of the Safe Drinking Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency applies the secondary treatment standards for wastewater as national minimum requirements for discharges from wastewater treatment plants to U.S. surface waters. Depending on receiving water conditions or specific state regulations demanding higher-quality effluent, however, the tertiary wastewater treatment process may be justified to supplement conventional primary and secondary stages of wastewater treatment.
If treated wastewater is unsafe after primary physical methods like filtration and the biological processes of secondary treatment, Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) can rely on advanced filtration and disinfection practices. Implementing advanced techniques for tertiary wastewater treatment destroys pathogenic organisms and removes suspended solids or nutrients from the effluent and leaves water suitable for reuse.
Below, we discuss key steps in the tertiary wastewater treatment process and why you need an experienced team of wastewater engineers to help implement these techniques at your local POTW.
Based on local conditions, tertiary wastewater treatment is designed to remove any nutrients, pathogens, nonbiodegradable compounds, inorganic dissolved solids and suspended solids, heavy metals and even micropollutants that remain after the secondary treatment stage. Most tertiary treatment processes include physicochemical methods, including filtration, coagulation, reverse osmosis, activated carbon adsorption and disinfection.
To comply with effluent standards, municipal leaders may choose a range of tertiary wastewater treatment methods to implement at their discretion. Key steps include:
Innovative filtration technologies like reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes have seen increased popularity among wastewater treatment plant operators, adopted to remove various types of dissolved solids. The principle behind these filtration techniques is to apply pressure to the effluent from one side of a selective membrane to remove large molecules and ions. The solute remains on the pressurized side of the membrane, leaving the pure solution to pass to the other side.
Tertiary wastewater treatment is a more advanced, rigorous treatment that is particularly applicable for POTWs discharging effluents into sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Determining whether your local POTW should implement tertiary treatment requires the expertise of experienced wastewater engineers.
While installing a tertiary wastewater treatment system requires an upfront investment, the initial outlay pays long-term benefits, including:
While installing a tertiary wastewater treatment system requires an upfront investment, the initial outlay pays long-term benefits, including:
Fehr Graham professionals understand the challenges faced by municipalities considering tertiary treatment systems for local treatment plants. Our team of wastewater engineers is committed to helping communities improve the quality of the effluent and preserving the environment. From conducting topographic surveys, developing engineering designs and planning upgrades to administering and overseeing construction and helping with funding, we navigate every step of the process. Our past projects in Mahomet, South Beloit and several other communities have helped local POTWs meet the demands of their growing populations.
To learn more about how Fehr Graham can help implement or upgrade the tertiary wastewater treatment process at your local POTW, contact us or give us a call at 217.352.7688.
Michael Hansen is a Professional Engineer and a Senior Project Manager who is deeply rooted in the engineering industry. With nearly 20 years of experience in civil engineering, he is Fehr Graham’s point person in central and southern Illinois. Michael serves as the Branch Manager for the firm’s Champaign, Illinois, office and is passionate about helping engineers and technicians thrive in a team environment. He specializes in managing water, wastewater, water resource and transportation projects. Reach him at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..